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- Robert Moor was born on 17 July 1889 in Rouen, Seine-Inférieure [now Seine-Maritime], France. He was an actor, known for Knock, ou le triomphe de la médecine (1933), Café de Paris (1938) and Fantômas contre Fantômas (1949). He died on 23 December 1972 in Suresnes, Hauts de Seine, Île-de-France, France.
- After school, he began studying engineering at the Moscow Technical University in 1908, where he specialized in aeronautics under Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky, the father of Russian aviation, and graduated in 1918. During the Russian Civil War, Tupolev and Zhukovsky were commissioned by Leo Davidovich Trotsky to build a new bomber. Although the design was unsuccessful, it was only the first attempt in the subsequent development of a new Soviet bomber. In 1922, the same year Zhukovsky died, the first aircraft designed by Tupolev, the small aircraft ANT-1, was built.
From 1923 to 1938, Tupolev worked as chief engineer at the Central Aero- and Hydrodynamic Institute, which was founded by Zhukovsky in Moscow. Tupolev was the first Soviet engineer to build an aircraft made entirely of metal, the 1924 ANT-2. After the ANT-3 from 1926, the ANT-4, first built in 1925, was quickly mass-produced. In 1928, Tupolev also began designing fighter aircraft for the military. The ANT-5 or I-4 was in service with the Soviet Air Force until 1933. The ANT-4 was converted into the TB-1 bomber, which was replaced by the ANT-6 or TB-3 by 1938. In the passenger aircraft sector, Tupolev established itself with the ANT-9 and ANT-14, which offered space for nine and 36 passengers respectively.
In the early 1930s, the ANT-20 was the largest civilian aircraft in the world and could transport 50 passengers. The aircraft could also easily be converted into a military transport or combat aircraft. Tupolev set further international records in 1935 with the flying boat ANT-22 and the ANT-25, which flew from Moscow to California via the North Pole, covering 6,262 miles in 62 hours. After studying in Germany and the USA in 1936, Tupolev was imprisoned for five years as part of Josef Stalin's purge policy. He was accused of collaborating with German aircraft manufacturers who used his plans to design the Messerschmidt-109. While in prison, Tupolev designed the successful TU-2 bomber, which earned him early release in 1941 and the Stalin Prize in 1943.
He subsequently served as an officer in the Army's Technical Engineering Corps. In 1944 he designed the TU-4, which could reach the USA and return to the USSR if refueled in the air. 1,500 examples of the bomber were built by 1954. After Stalin's death and Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev's rise to power, Tupolev was rehabilitated. In 1953 he was admitted to the Academy of Sciences. In 1957, the TU-114, which Tupolev had developed from the failed TU-95 bomber, went into operation: the first jet-powered passenger aircraft to fly the Moscow-Washington route with 220 passengers without stopping. Another highlight was the maiden flight of the TU-144 in 1968, which went into production in 1971 and with which Tupolev landed in Paris on its first westward flight in May 1971. - Nikola Mitic was born on 25 December 1901 in Leskovac, Serbia, Yugoslavia. He was an actor, known for Samrtno prolece (1973), Boj na Kosovu (1964) and Dvogled (1968). He died on 23 December 1972 in Novi Sad, Serbia, Yugoslavia.
- Director
- Writer
Fyodor Kiselev was born on 29 December 1905 in Moscow, Russian Empire [now Russia]. Fyodor was a director and writer, known for Moskva: Stolitsa SSR (1947), Sovyetskaya Latviya (1951) and Chay Ali Chahvadze (1935). Fyodor died on 23 December 1972 in Moscow, Soviet Union [now Russia].- Frank Hensel was born on 9 July 1893 in Bingen am Rhein, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Frank was a producer, known for Ein Feiertag in Hessen-Nassau (1930). Frank died on 23 December 1972 in Bad Breisig, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.