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Veronica Lake was born as Constance Frances Marie Ockleman on November 14, 1922, in Brooklyn, New York. She was the daughter of Constance Charlotta (Trimble) and Harry Eugene Ockelman, who worked for an oil company as a ship employee. Her father was of half German and half Irish descent, and her mother was of Irish ancestry. While still a child, Veronica's parents moved to Florida when she was not quite a year old. By the time she was five, the family had returned to Brooklyn. When Connie was only twelve, tragedy struck when her father died in an explosion on an oil ship. One year later her mother married Anthony Keane and Connie took his last name as her own. In 1934, when her stepfather was diagnosed with tuberculosis, the family moved to Saranac Lake, where Connie Keane enjoyed the outdoor life and flourished in the activities of boating on the lakes, skating, skiing, swimming, biking around Moody Pond and hiking up Mt Baker. The family made their home in 1935 at 1 Watson Place, (now 27 Seneca Street) then they moved to 1 Riverside Drive,(now Lake Kiwassa Road). Both Connie and Anthony benefited from the Adirondack experience and in 1936 the family left the Adirondacks and moved to Miami, FL., however, the memories of those carefree Saranac Lake days would always remain deeply rooted in her mind.
Two years later, Connie graduated from high school in Miami. Her natural beauty and charm and a definite talent for acting prompted her mother and step-father to move to Beverly Hills, California, where they enrolled her in the well known Bliss Hayden School of Acting in Hollywood. Connie had previously been diagnosed as a classic schizophrenic and her parents saw acting as a form of treatment for her condition. She showed remarkable abilities and did not have to wait long for a part to come her way.
Her first movie was as one of the many coeds in the RKO film, Sorority House (1939). It was a minor part, to be sure, but it was a start. Veronica quickly followed up that project with two other films. All Women Have Secrets (1939) and Dancing Co-Ed (1939), were again bit roles for the pretty young woman from the East Coast, but she did not complain. After all, other would-be starlets took a while before they ever received a bit part. Veronica continued her schooling, while taking a bit roles in two more films, Young as You Feel (1940) and Forty Little Mothers (1940). Prior to this time, she was still under her natural name of Constance Keane. Now, with a better role in I Wanted Wings (1941), she was asked to change her name, and Veronica Lake was born. Now, instead of playing coeds, she had a decent, speaking part. Veronica felt like an actress. The film was a success and the public loved this bright newcomer.
Paramount, the studio she was under contract with, then assigned her to two more films that year, Hold Back the Dawn (1941) and Sullivan's Travels (1941). The latter received good reviews from the always tough film critics. As Ellen Graham, in This Gun for Hire (1942) the following year, Veronica now had top billing. She had paid her dues and was on a roll. The public was enamored with her. In 1943, Veronica starred in only one film. She portrayed Lieutenant Olivia D'Arcy in So Proudly We Hail! (1943) with Claudette Colbert. The film was a box-office smash. It seemed that any film Veronica starred in would be an unquestionable hit. However, her only outing for 1944, The Hour Before the Dawn (1944) would not be well-received by either the public or the critics. As Nazi sympathizer Dora Bruckmann, Veronica's role was dismal at best. Critics disliked her accent immensely because it wasn't true to life. Her acting itself suffered because of the accent. Mediocre films trailed her for all of 1945. It seemed that Veronica was dumped in just about any film to see if it could be salvaged. Hold That Blonde! (1945), Out of This World (1945), and Miss Susie Slagle's (1946) were just a waste of talent for the beautiful blonde. The latter film was a shade better than the previous two. In 1946, Veronica bounced back in The Blue Dahlia (1946) with Alan Ladd and Howard Da Silva. The film was a hit, but it was the last decent film for Veronica. Paramount continued to put her in pathetic movies. After 1948, Paramount discharged the once prized star, and she was out on her own. In 1949, she starred in the Twentieth Century film Slattery's Hurricane (1949), which, unfortunately, was another weak film. She was not on the big screen again until 1952 when she appeared in Stronghold (1951). By Veronica's own admission, the film "was a dog". From 1952 to 1966, Veronica made television appearances and even tried her hand on the stage. Not a lot of success for her at all. By now alcohol was the order of the day. She was down on her luck and drank heavily. In 1962, Veronica was found living in an old hotel and working as a bartender. She finally returned to the big screen in Footsteps in the Snow (1966). Another drought ensued and she appeared on the silver screen for the last time in Flesh Feast (1970) - a very low budget film.
On July 7, 1973, Veronica died of hepatitis in Burlington, Vermont. The beautiful actress with the long blonde hair was dead at the age of 50.- Vincent Dennis was born on 26 May 1893 in Zanesville, Ohio, USA. He was an actor, known for The Rogues' Tavern (1936), Taming the Wild (1936) and Too Much Beef (1936). He died on 7 July 1973 in Pinellas, Florida, USA.
- Horkheimer attended high school. In 1911 he left school early to begin an apprenticeship as a businessman. From 1916, Horkheimer was employed in his father's company for three years. From 1917 to 1918 he served in the First World War. He then completed his Abitur in 1919. In 1919, Horkheimer began studying psychology and philosophy, which he carried out at the universities of Munich and Freiburg and completed his doctorate at the University of Frankfurt am Main in 1922. His dissertation was entitled "Antinomy of Teleological Judgment". Horkheimer met Theodor W. Adorno, which resulted in a friendly relationship. In 1925, Horkheimer presented his habilitation thesis "Kant's Critique of Judgment as a Link Between Theoretical and Practical Philosophy" at the University of Frankfurt am Main. The following year, 1926, he taught as a private lecturer at the University of Frankfurt.
The wedding to Rosa Riekher took place in the same year. In 1930 Horkheimer was appointed full professor of social philosophy at the University of Frankfurt am Main. During this time, together with Herbert Marcuse and Erich Fromm, he founded the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, of which he was appointed director in 1931. From 1932 to 1939 he published the "Magazine for Social Research". The Frankfurt institute was closed in 1933, the year the National Socialists came to power. In the same year Horkheimer retired to Switzerland. From there he moved to the USA in 1934. There he rebuilt the institute at New York's Columbia University. In 1940 Horkheimer became a US citizen. He left New York and moved to California. There he developed the text "Dialectics of Enlightenment" together with Theodor W. Adorno. In the period from 1940 to 1942, Horkheimer also continued publishing the "Magazine for Social Research" under the American title "Studies in Philosophy and Social Science".
From 1943 to 1949, as head of the scientific department of the American Jewish Committee, he was involved in research into anti-Semitism. In 1947, together with Theodor W. Adorno, he published the text "Dialectics of Enlightenment. Philosophical Fragments" on the US market. The title did not appear in Germany until 1969. The work provoked contradictory discussions. In 1949 Horkheimer returned to Germany. He was again appointed professor of social philosophy at the University of Frankfurt am Main. A year later, in 1950, the Institute for Social Research was reopened, which was primarily influenced by Horkheimer's philosophy as cultural criticism. In man's search for happiness and fulfillment, he destroys himself - this is the pessimistic attitude of Horkheimer's social philosophy. From 1951 to 1953 Horkheimer was rector of the University of Frankfurt am Main.
In 1951 he was honored with the Goethe plaque from the city of Frankfurt am Main. From 1954 to 1956 he lectured at the University of Chicago. He retired in 1959. Horkheimer then moved to Montagnola near Lugano. The following year, Horkheimer was made an honorary citizen of the city of Frankfurt am Main. In 1971 he received the Lessing Prize from the city of Hamburg. - Homer Garcia was born on 10 February 1958 in Houston, Texas, USA. He died on 7 July 1973 in Pasadena, Texas, USA.
- Megan Emerick was born on 17 March 1956 in the USA. She died on 7 July 1973 in Seward, Alaska, USA.