There are numerous references to Greek mythology, particularly the Homer's epic poems, notably "The Odyssey." Characters in the episode include those named Homer (the poet), Ulysses (the Latin variant of Odysseus), Circe (the sorceress who could turn her enemies into swine in both the tale and this episode), and the sirens.
The colossus mentioned in the episode is a reference to the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World.