Jasper's brother is the Indian Army-based Sebastian - later to be a thorn in Holmes' life many years later, as an ally of Professor Moriarty, under whom his brother is studying at university.
Henry David Thoreau noted in his "Journal 11" during November 1850 that "Some circumstantial evidence is very strong, as when you find a trout in the milk" - a reference to farmers watering down milk, so as to sell a great quantity (if not quality).
It is mentioned by Sherlock Holmes in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's 1893 short story "The Final Problem" that at 21 Professor Moriarty "wrote a treatise upon the Binomial Theorem, which has had a European vogue. On the strength of it he won the Mathematical Chair at one of our smaller universities, and had, to all appearances, a most brilliant career before him."