Kensi said the team would not infiltrate Iran as part of a sci-fi film crew. Beal was referring to the fake movie called "Argo (2012)", which would be made into a real movie by the same name, the premise of which centered on the CIA's real-life attempt to extract American personnel from the embattled embassy in post-revolutionary Iran in 1980.
The episode title refers to the new name Callen's father would assume, Igor, which is Russian for "Warrior of Peace".
Kobayashi Maru, refers to unwinnable training exercise given to select students of Starfleet Academy, first mentioned in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) and only successfully attributed to James T. Kirk (played by William Shatner), later Captain Kirk.