In the books, Murtagh is killed at Culloden. The writers decided to keep his character alive, because he's so beloved.
German settlers first came to North Carolina in the 1580s, however, the largest influx of Germans to North Carolina occurred mostly in the 18th century. They originally aimed for the Pennsylvania region, but as unoccupied land became hard to find, they migrated south to the backcountry of North Carolina where they earned the name "Pennsylvania Dutch".
During this time, Measles was one of the leading causes of infant mortality. It is considered a childhood disease for this reason, and it was often ignored due to the severity of other diseases such as small pox or scarlet fever. The 1772 epidemic left many people immune to the disease, making it one of the few diseases that wasn't at epidemic levels during the American Revolution.
Baird's Bed and Breakfast is the same location that Claire and Frank stayed in the pilot episode.
Adawehi was inspired by Nayawenne from the book Drums of Autumn. Due to the scarcity of information on the Tuscarora, the Native Americans they interact with were changed to Cherokee in the show, which also meant changing the names from the book for accuracy.